Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Grape (Vitis aestivalis ‘Norton/ Cynthiana’) Tissue Callus Derived from Ovary Explants
Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Grape (Vitis aestivalis ‘Norton/ Cynthiana’) Tissue Callus Derived from Ovary Explants
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2020-05-01
Authors
Riley, Rebekkah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University Honors College Middle Tennessee State University
Abstract
The grape plant Vitis aestivalis “Norton/Cynthiana” is known for its hearty nature
and low maintenance. However, this grape is also known for its poor propagation. Plant
tissue culture is a method that has been used to propagate other recalcitrant species.
Somatic embryogenesis in Vitis aestivalis has been attempted using callus generated from
leaf explant tissue, but to date, has not been successful. The use of floral tissues has
shown some success in other grape species, so the first goal of this research was to
generate undifferentiated cell growth, or callus, from anther and ovary tissues of
immature flower buds. Callus growth was successfully achieved using a Lloyd McCown
basal nutrient tissue culture medium. Healthy callus tissue was quickly created from the
ovary tissue, but callus was not immediately successful from the anther tissue. Anther
explant tissues had to remain on the media for several weeks longer than expected before
callus began to grow. The second goal of this project was to successfully generate
somatic embryogenesis from callus. Both the anther and ovary callus were placed on
embryogenic tissue culture media in an effort to promote embryogenesis. As Vitis
aestivalis is not easily propagated, the embryogenic tissue media had to be carefully
made and adjusted to find the exact mix of cytokinin and auxin concentrations that will
lead to embryogenesis.
In this project, no embryogenic response from ovary tissue on either the semi
solid media or liquid suspension media was observed. Semi-solid media were shown to
be good for regular maintenance of callus, but not embryogenesis. Liquid suspension
culture also proved effective for callus maintenance, but not embryogenesis. The use of Murashige & Skoog basal salts seemed to advance callus growth in the liquid suspension
media.
Description
Keywords
Basic and Applied Science,
Embryogenesis,
Vitis aestivalis,
callus,
ovary explants